DIN IEC/TS 62647-2:2013-09

The now available Part 2 of the "Process management for avionics - Aerospace and defence electronic systems containing lead-free solder standard series" specifies processes for documenting the mitigating steps taken to reduce the harmful effects of Pb-free tin in electronic systems. This standard is applicable to aerospace, defence, and high performance (ADHP) electronic applications which procure equipment that may contain Pb-free tin finishes. Due to a variety of real and potential health issues, many constituent materials used in the production of electronic products have come under scrutiny. The European Union (EU) has enacted two directives: 2002/95/EC Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) and 2002/96/EC Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) that restrict or eliminate the use of various substances in a variety of products produced after July 2006. One of the key materials restricted is lead (Pb), which is widely used in electronic solder and electronic piece part terminations, and printed wiring boards. While these regulations may appear to only affect products for sale in the EU, due to the reduced market share of the aerospace, defence, and high performance industry in electronics, many of the lower tier suppliers are changing their products because their primary market is world-wide consumer electronics. Additionally, several Asian countries and United States (U.S.) states have enacted similar "green" laws. Many Asian electronics manufacturers have recently announced completely "green" product lines. The restriction of Pb use has generated a transition by many piece part and board suppliers from tin-lead (SnPb) surface finishes to pure tin or other Pb-free finishes. Lead-free tin finishes can be susceptible to the spontaneous growth of crystal structures known as "tin whiskers" which can cause electrical failures, ranging from parametric deviations to catastrophic short circuits, and may interfere with sensitive optical surfaces or the movement of micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) for example. Though studied and reported for decades, the mechanism behind their growth is not well understood, and tin whiskers remain a potential reliability hazard. Furthermore, the growing number of piece parts with pure tin finishes means there are more opportunities for whiskers to grow and to produce failures. It is important to state that that the nature and meaning of 'risk' posed by tin whiskers may vary considerably across the range of users of this Specification. As in any assessment of risk, the probability of occurrence and failure and consequence of occurrence and failure should be considered in each application. Potential whisker failure modes for a particular hardware/system application must be carefully considered when making the choice/determination of which control level(s) to apply. For example, whisker-prone leaded parts on circuit card used in a system that is under frequent/continual power may only incur parametric deviations or interrupts as individual whiskers grow and short to an adjacent lead.