ASTM D 4531:2023

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the bulk and dry density of both peat in its natural state and peat products ( Note 1 ). These test methods consist of defining a volume of peat and determining the mass of that specific volume. The difference in the respective methods is in the procedures employed to determine the peat volume. 1.2 The water content of a peat/peat product influences the bulk density. When using the bulk density for quantifying the amount of peat for use as a resource evaluation, the water content value needs to accompany the bulk density value. Note 1: Test Method D2978 is used for measuring the volume of uncompacted loose peat materials and compacted baled peat materials. 1.3 Method A- The core method covers the determination of the bulk density of a core of peat taken with a piston sampler or other suitable core sampler (Sections 7 and 8 ). 1.4 Method B- The paraffin wax method, covers the determination of the bulk density of clods or irregular pieces of wet peat and compressed peat products (Sections 9 and 10 ). 1.5 Units- The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 . 1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user's objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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